基于北京“煤改电”工程空气源热泵实际 运行数据的影响因素分析

Performance Analysis based on the Field Monitored Data of Air Source Heat Pumps in the ‘Coal-to-electricity’ projects of Beijing

中文关键词: 空气源热泵，系统季节性能，实际运行监测，供暖末端，运行负荷率

英文关键词: Air source heat pump, Seasonal coefficient of system performance, Field monitored, Terminal types, Operat-ing load rate

中文摘要:

      为改善空气环境质量，空气源热泵供暖技术在中国北方地区大范围的应用实施。为了解“煤改电”工程中空气源热泵供暖系统的实际运行性能以及主要影响因素，在2018-2019供暖季，对北京市农村103个空气源热泵系统进行了实际运行监测。监测结果表明，热泵系统季节性能SCOP（seasonal coefficient of system performance）平均值为2.21 kWh/kWh，并表现出很大的差异(1.54～2.95) kWh/kWh，其一次能源利用率计算值为81.35%。另外，研究分析了造成SCOP产生如此大的差异的影响因素。供暖末端类型是影响性能的主要因素，相比散热器，地暖系统由于供水温度的较低表现出了较高的运行性能。机组的额定供热量过大在北京农村是普遍的现象，容量超配造成了机组持续的在低负荷下运行，系统运行负荷率平均值为48%。通过6个代表项目的运行分析（2个定频系统，4个变频系统），得到定频系统的SCOP随供暖季运行负荷率呈现正相关的线性关系，运行负荷率提高10%，SCOP提升11.5%；变频系统的SCOP除了与运行负荷率有关外，还跟机组变频调节性能和水泵运行策略有关。这些实测数据和原因分析为空气源热泵系统的应用设计和技术发展提供支持。。

英文摘要:

      To improve air environmental quality, air source heat pump（ASHP）heating technology has been widely implemented in northern China. To understand the actual operational performance and key influencing factors of air source heat pump heating systems in the "coal-to-electricity" conversion project, site monitor-ing was conducted on 103 air source heat pump systems in rural Beijing during the 2018-2019 heating season. The monitoring results showed that the seasonal performance coefficient (SCOP) of the heat pump systems averaged 2.21 kWh/kWh, with significant variation (1.54~2.95) kWh/kWh, corresponding to a calculated primary energy utilization rate of 81.35%. Additionally, the study analyzed factors contributing to such large SCOP variations. The type of heating terminal was identified as a major factor: compared to radiators, floor heating systems exhibited higher operational performance due to lower supply water tem-peratures. Oversized unit rated heating capacity is common in rural Beijing, and capacity oversizing led to continuous operation under low load, with an average system operating load rate of 48%. Analysis of 6 representative projects (2 constant-frequency systems and 4 variable-frequency systems) revealed that the SCOP of constant-frequency systems exhibited a positive linear correlation with the heating season operat-ing load rate, where a 10% increase in load rate improved SCOP by 11.5%. For variable-frequency sys-tems, SCOP depended not only on the operating load rate but also on the unit’s frequency conversion ad-justment performance and pump operation strategies. These measured data and analytical findings provide critical support for the application design and technological advancement of ASHP systems.