主动冷却对电磁轨道炮电流密度和温度时空分布特性的影响

Effect of rail active cooling on the temporal-spatial distribution of current density and temperature of electromagnetic railgun

中文关键词: 电磁轨道炮  主动冷却  轨枢接触面  电流密度  温度时空分布

英文关键词: Electromagnetic railgun  Active cooling  Rail pivot contact surface  Current density  Temporal and spatial distribution of temperature需要重新翻译

中文摘要:

      为了研究主动冷却对电磁炮轨道电热特性的影响,并利用COMSOL有限元分析软件模拟建立了电磁轨道炮三维几何模型及电磁场、温度场和流场耦合数学模型，计算了无主动冷却自然冷却和有主动冷却条件下轨枢接触面和轨道横截面上的电流密度分布和温度分布特性。结果表明： 轨枢接触面上的温度分布与电流密度分布趋势一致,均呈上下对称分布,且越靠近电枢尾部,电流密度越大,温度越高。轨道内的主动冷却可以显著降低轨枢接触面上的电流密度和温度。轨道内部主动冷却可以使轨枢接触面上电流密度的最大值降低32.50%,最高温度值降低5.40%；轨道横截面上的温度分布特征与电流密度分布特征相似,均呈上下对称分布,且最大电流密度和最高温度均位于靠近轨枢接触面的一个薄层内。轨道内的主动冷却可以增加轨道横截面上电流的趋肤深度,降低轨道横截面上的最大电流密度和最高温度,最大电流密度下降26.25%,最高温度降低4.35%；轨道峰值温度随时间呈逐渐升高的趋势。轨道内的主动冷却可以降低轨道峰值温度和升温速率。轨道峰值温度从421 降低到393K,下降了6.65%。研究结果对于电磁轨道炮热管理策略的制定具有重要的指导作用。

英文摘要:

      in order to study the influence of active cooling on the track electro-thermal characteristics of electromagnetic railgun, a three-dimensional geometric model and a coupling mathematical model integrating electromagnetic field, temperature field and flow field of electromagnetic railgun are established by using COMSOL finite element analysis software. The current density distribution and temperature distribution characteristics of rail pivot contact surface and track cross section under natural cooling and active cooling are simulated and calculated. The results show that the temperature distribution on the rail-armature contact surface is consistent with the current density distribution, which is symmetrical up and down, and the closer to the armature tail, the greater the current density and the higher the temperature. Active cooling in the track can significantly reduce the current density and temperature on the rail-armature contact surface. Under this condition, the active cooling inside the track can reduce the maximum current density by 32.5% and the maximum temperature by 5.4%. The temperature distribution characteristics on the track cross section are similar to that of current density, which are also symmetrical up and down, and the maximum current density and maximum temperature are located in a thin layer near the rail-armature contact surface. Active cooling in the track can increase the skin depth of current on the track cross-section and reduce the maximum current density and maximum temperature on the track cross-section, the maximum current density is decreased by 26.25% and the maximum temperature is decreased by 4.35%. Active cooling in the track can reduce the track peak temperature and heating rate, and the track peak temperature can be reduced from 421 K to 393 K. The research results have an important guiding role for the formulation of thermal management strategy of electromagnetic railgun.